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Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is the technology typically used for real-time audio processing. This method involves the manipulation of audio signals through algorithms designed to improve sound quality, apply effects, and perform other audio enhancements in real-time. DSP is capable of handling complex calculations at high speeds, which makes it ideal for applications requiring immediate audio manipulation, such as in live sound reinforcement, telecommunications, and audio recording.

The use of DSP allows for a wide range of functionalities, including equalization, compression, reverb, and echo effects, that are essential for professional audio production. Because it operates in a digital environment, DSP also enables more precise control over audio signals compared to analog methods.

While analog signal processing can work with audio signals, it does not offer the same level of flexibility and efficiency for real-time processing as digital systems. Microphone technology and analog-to-digital conversion play important roles in capturing and digitizing sound but are not primarily focused on the processing of audio in real-time.